Home || Library Info || Services || Research
|
Home || Library Info || Services || Research |
 |
 |
Complete
List of How-to Guides Library Instruction Ask a Librarian |
|
| CITATIONS AND REFERENCE LISTS
|
How To Contents: |
APA STYLE MANUALS FOR PSYCHOLOGY: Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association Electronic Reference
Formats Recommended by the American Psychological Association Writer's Handbook: APA Style Documentation Library @ Seattle Central (includes APA) |
 |
IN-TEXT CITATIONS or PARENTHETICAL NOTES - a few samples
The basic form of the citation briefly identifies only the name of the author or title under which the source is listed in the reference list at the end of your paper along with only the year of publication. Someone reading your paper should be able to use your citation to find the complete entry in your reference list.
Citing a work by one author
Jelin (1977) indicates similar patterns for women
in Argentina.
or
Women also migrate to become involved in petty trade
(Arizpe, 1978)...
Citing one work by three or more authors
Holland, Holt, Levi, and Beckett (1983) indicate
that...
or (after first citation)
Holland et al. (1983) also found...
Citing works by several authors
After the Civil Rights movement a growing number
of racial/ethnic scholars such as Almaguer (1975), Barrera (1978), and
Takaki (1979) challenged...
or
The subjects of this study seemed to perform their
duties as determined by the institutional arrangements within which they
worked (Watson, Kumar, & Michaelsen, 1993.
Quotation of sources
Kenneth Clark (1979) raised some interesting questions
concerning artistic "masterpieces" (p. 105).
or
She stated, "The essence of the issue is reality
vs. perception" (Cox, 1993, p.132), as noted earlier.
Citing two or more works by the same author
Past research on race and class (Wilson, 1978, 1987) play a significant
role in today's society.
Citing a government document
Several key points were made in a recent report (Commission on Migrant Education, 1992) ...
Published proceedings from a Conference
Researchers have reported at a related conference (De Angelo, Smith, & Lang, 1993)...
REFERENCES - a few samples
One reason to take care in creating a Reference List is so that others
will be able to find the sources you've used. When in doubt, provide more
information rather than less. Books, journals, magazines, and newspapers
are identified by underlining the title. These examples are single spaced.
Note that in manuscript, references are double spaced.
First line of each entry begins at the left margin; subsequent lines are indented five spaces.
Book by one author
Takaki, R. T. (1979). Iron cages : Race and culture in nineteenth-century
America.
New York, NY: Knopf.
An edited book
Jelin, E. (Ed.). (1991). Family, household, and gender relations in
Latin America.
New York, NY: Routledge, Chapman & Hall.
Article or chapter in edited book
Ruiz, V. L. (1992). Star struck: Acculturation, adolescence, and Mexican
American
women, 1920-1950. In E. West
& P. Petrik (Eds.), Small worlds: Children and
adolescents in Lawrence, America, 1850-1950
(pp.118-224). Plains, KS: University
Press of Kansas.
Article from a scholarly journal
Martinez, E. & Palmer, S. (1993). Beyond black/white: The racisms
of our time.
Social Justice, 20, 22-35.
Article from a newspaper
For job seekers, a toll-free gift of expert advice. (1993, December 12)
New
York Times, p. D1.
Article from a magazine
Corliss, R. (1993, September 13). Pacific overtures. Time, 142, 68-70.
Government document
Commision on Special Education. (1993) Our future, our children: planning
for the next generation (93-094-P). Washington, DC: Government
Printing Office.
Published Conference Proceedings
Murray, L. (Ed). (2001) Endless searching: New horizons in search engine
technology. Proceedings of the Search Engine Technology Conference,
University of Main. Journal of the Internet, 40(suppl.), 1-402.
Electronic materials with page numbers
To cite a specific part of a source, indicate the page, chapter, figure, table, or equation at the appropriate point in text. Always give page numbers for quotations. Note that the words page and chapter are abbreviated in such text citations:
(Cheek & Buss, 1981, p. 332)
(Shimamura, 1989, chap. 3)
Electronic sources without page numbers
Use the paragraph number, if available, preceded by the paragraph symbol or the abbreviation para. If neither paragraph nor page numbers are visible, cite the heading and the number of the paragraph following it to direct the reader to the location of the material.
(Myers, 2000, ¶ 5)
(Beutler, 2000, Conclusion section, para. 1)
REFERENCE FORMATS OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
Electronic sources include aggregated databases, online
journals, Web sites or Web pages, newsgroups, Web- or e-mail-based discussion
groups, and Web- or e-mail-based newsletters. Examples below and additional information are available at the APA website "http://www.apastyle.org/elecref.html". When using and citing Internet
sources use the following two guidelines:
1) Direct readers as closely as possible to the information being cited;
whenever possible, reference specific documents rather than home or menu
pages.
2) Provide addresses that work.
General
Form for Online periodical:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (2000).
Title of article. Title of Periodical, xx, xxxxxx.
Retrieved month day, year, from source.
General
Form for Online document:
Author, A. A. (2000). Title of work.
Retrieved month day, year, from source.
Sample references:
Internet articles based on an exact duplicate of
a print source:
VandenBos, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements in the
selection of resources by psychology undergraduates [Electronic version].
Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117-123.
Internet articles changed from the print source:
VandenBos, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements in the
selection of resources by psychology undergraduates [Electronic version].
Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117-123. Retrieved October 13, 2001,
from http://jbr.org/articles.html
Article in an Internet-only journal
Fredrickson, B. L. (2000, March 7). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize
health and well-being. Prevention & Treatment, 3, Article 0001a. Retrieved
November 20, 2000, from http://journals.apa.org/prevention/volume3/
pre0030001a.html
Electronic copy of a journal article retrieved from database
Borman, W. C., Hanson, M. A., Oppler, S. H., Pulakos, E. D., &
White, L. A. (1993). Role of early supervisory experience in supervisor
performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 443-449. Retrieved
October 23, 2000, from PsycARTICLES database.
(Note in above example - When referencing material obtained by searching an aggregated database, follow the format appropriate to the work retrieved and add a retrieval statement that gives the date of retrieval and the proper name of the database.)
|
| Contact Deborah Murphy (damurphy@cats.ucsc.edu).
|
UCSC Home |
